Calcium supplements are various forms of calcium used to treat or prevent low calcium blood levels ( hypocalcemia) in many species. Be certain to complete the prescription unless specifically directed by your veterinarian. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. Common calcium supplements may be labeled as: Calcium carbonate (40% elemental calcium) Calcium citrate (21% elemental calcium) Calcium gluconate (9% elemental calcium) Calcium lactate (13% elemental calcium) The two main forms of calcium supplements are carbonate and citrate. Calcium should be monitored closely following any thyroidectomy, and treatment of hypocalcemia is the same as for post-parathyroidectomy hypocalcemia. In cats with hypocalcemia, 46 to 70 mg per . Furthermore, it has a long half-life, so should vitamin D toxicity occur, it takes longer to subside. The authors concluded that calcium chloride was more toxic to rats than calcium gluconate. An enlarged parathyroid gland is usually not palpable in dogs, but can be palpated about half of the time in cats with the disease. Calcium gluconate is used to prevent or to treat calcium deficiencies. Glucose stimulates insulin release and promotes the transcellular uptake of potassium. Intravenous: Follow all directions on the product . Calcium for Dogs: Why They Need It | Great Pet Care Your Guide to Glucosamine for Dogs: Benefits and Dosage 7 Copyright 2023 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. The condition occurs more commonly in certain breeds. INDICATION: As an aid in the treatment of hypocalcemic conditions, such as milk fever, in cattle, horses, sheep, swine, dogs and cats. The infusion should be halted temporarily if S-T segment elevation, Q-T interval shortening, progressive bradycardia, or hypotension is observed. Calcium-containing crystals, isosthenuria, hematuria, and/or pyuria can be present. Capsicum . Calcium borogluconate 23% (w/v) (equivalent to 19.14 mg/mL calcium) INDICATION: As an aid in the treatment of hypocalcemic conditions, such as milk fever, in cattle, horses, sheep, swine, dogs and cats. 7 to 12 months: 270 mg/day Treatment should be withdrawn slowly and ionized calcium measurements should be monitored periodically. RTECS:EW2100000 - Calcium gluconate - The Registry of Toxic Effects of Eclampsia in Small Animals - MSD Veterinary Manual 938. Glucono-delta-lactone/calcium/magnesium/potassium/sodium salts Adequate intake (AI): (Dosage is in terms of elemental calcium): Calcium containing solutions and tetracyclines should not therefore be used together. 50 to 150 mg/kg/day in 4 to 6 divided doses Other causes of hypercalcemia of malignancy include apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac, and any tumor that has osteolytic activity. Calcium gluconate. Small dogs that weigh between 5 to 20 pounds a day should get 250 to 500 mg per day. In this Vet Minute, Dr. Marty Greer will talk about the importance of calcium a. The use of calcium does not reduce the serum potassium level, but counteracts the effects of hyperkalemia on cardiac excitability. 50-125 mL. Historically, the bitch has been otherwise healthy and the neonates have been thriving. Generally, 5-10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate will provide sufficient calcium for a bitch weighing between five and ten Kg. In: Hall JE, ed. Oxygen Recovery Mask Small Dog $ 62.90 Inc. GST Add to cart. Tetany: (Dose expressed in mg of calcium gluconate): Although uncommon in queens, hypocalcemia may occur during early lactation. I prefer to withdraw treatment gradually at 2-week intervals beginning with the vitamin D therapy. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Glucocorticoids can be useful to promote urinary calcium excretion and to inhibit absorption of calcium from the gut, but extreme care must be taken to ensure that a diagnosis of lymphoma has been excluded. Katherine M. James, in The Cat, 2012 Calcium. When the hypocalcemia is slowly evolving, oral calcium gluconate can be used. It occurs most commonly in small-breed dogs that are nursing large litters, especially at peak lactation, 23 weeks after whelping. It is important to base the dosage of calcium on a calculation of elemental (available) calcium because different products vary in the amount of calcium available. . While generally safe and effective when prescribed by a veterinarian, calcium gluconate can cause side effects in some animals. 22 mg/kg PO q 12-24 h. Ineffective unless used with aminoglycosides (such as Amikacin) Baytril (enrofloxacin) Lizards and snakes: Routine: 5 mg/kg IM/PO q 24h. Medication for dogs including uses, administration, pharmacokinetics, precautions, adverse reactions and more. . Some products with added calcium and Vitamin D which could also be palatable to your dog are Tums tablets and Citracal gummies. Compared to the typical potassium content of commercial renal diets of approximately1.6 mg per 1000 kcal of metabolizable energy, a home formulated diet containing <0.9 mg per 1000 kcal metaabolizable energy will generally control persisting hyperkalemia. Calcium Gluconate Injection is supplied in single-dose vials and pharmacy bulk packages [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)]. Cases of calcium supplements poisoning most often result when a canine family member discovers a supply of human calcium chews. Recommended daily allowance (RDA): (Dosage is in terms of elemental calcium): CBC is usually normal, but is necessary to rule out other causes of hypercalcemia. PDF Neonatal medicine: Calcium Gluconate 10% - health.qld.gov.au To treat the primary condition, surgical parathyroidectomy is indicated. Hyperkalemia Medication: Calcium salts, Beta-adrenergic - Medscape Protect yourself and your pet. PDF Full Pr Es Cri B Ing in Format Ion 1 Indicat Ions and Usage o Add prescribed dose to 24-hour compatible maintenance fluid Example preparation o Make up to total of 100 mL with compatible maintenance fluid (in a burette) Fluid therapy is used to cause calciuresis and to increase glomerular filtration rate. Calcium administration during peak lactation may be helpful in bitches with a history of eclampsia. Currently formulated commercial renal diets likely provide excessive dietary loads of potassium (when consumed to meet daily nutrient requirements) that cannot be excreted effectively in animals with moderate/severe renal dysfunction. Mild hyperkalemia (< 6.0 mmol/L) is rarely problematic but should be monitored at 8 to 12 hour intervals. The duration of calcium and vitamin D supplementation is difficult to predict. For dogs with dystocia, 1 mL of 10% solution per 10 pounds (4.5 kg) body weight may be given subcutaneously. Many organ . When treating calcium channel blocker toxicity, a dose of calcium gluconate can be given as a bolus or continuous infusion. However, this recommendation is supported by a low level of evidence and is anecdotal. This dose may be repeated as necessary in severe cases of hypermagnesemia (where discontinuation of exogenous magnesium is inadequate) to temporarily reverse many of the toxic effects of magnesium in the central nervous system. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. It is a positive inotrope and has variable effect on systemic vascular resistance. All rights reserved. Acvim 2008 - Vin The calcium would not cause harm at this low dose. Toxicity from the consumption of excessive amounts of Vitamin D3, as well as elevated blood calcium levels, can result. Alternatively, 515 mg of elemental calcium/kg per hour can be continued intravenously. The level of toxicity will depend on the age and size of the dog (in comparison to the amount ingested), as well as the state of the kidneys at time of exposure. The positive charge of these calcium ions alters the electrical state of the sodium-channel protein, thus altering the voltage level required to open the channel. 200 to 800 mg/kg/day as a continuous infusion or in 4 divided doses Dosage Considerations - Should be Given as Follows: Calcium Supplementation . The legacy of this great resource continues in the online and mobile app versions today. Moderate hyperkalemia (6.0-8.0 mmol/L) may resolve spontaneously with the onset or induction of a diuresis. Typically, 1 dose is all that is needed; occasionally, however, a second dose may be given after 2-4 hours . Class of drug. All information is peer reviewed. The joint supplement can come as a pill . 2023 MJH Life Sciences and dvm360 | Veterinary News, Veterinarian Insights, Medicine, Pet Care. Dosage may be repeated after several hours if required, or as recommended by your veterinarian. Even if your pet feels better, the entire treatment plan should be completed to prevent relapse. Calcium complexes tetracycline antibiotics, rendering them inactive. Dosing: Usual Oral calcium supplementation is easier. Calcium gluconate is a prescription drug and can only be obtained from a veterinarian or by prescription from a veterinarian. In these cases, ionized calcium concentrations are normal. The aim of longterm treatment is to maintain the serum calcium concentration at mildly low to low-normal concentrations (89.5 mg/dL). This calcium preparation must be given slowly and the veterinarian should monitor for cardiac arrhythmia. Find details on Calcium gluconate. A Ca++-dependant messenger system regulates important cell function and Ca++ activates some cellular enzyme cascades. Calcium Gluconate Article - StatPearls Calcium lactate is a type of calcium supplement. Treatment of hypocalcemia - UpToDate Behavioral changes such as aggression, whining, salivation, pacing, hypersensitivity to stimuli, and disorientation are common. As palatable to dogs as they are to people, our pets can ingest a large number of these chews, wrappers and all which can result in a case of toxicity. The severity of the hyperkalemia and associated cardiac and neuromuscular disturbances dictate the therapeutic approach for this disorder. Compare top pet insurance plans. Calcium can make it harder for your body to absorb certain medicines. The number one ruleout for hypercalcemia in dogs is lymphoma. Eclampsia is an acute, life-threatening condition that usually occurs at peak lactation, 23 weeks after whelping. over 20-30 min or Soluble insulin: 0.5 IU/kg i.v. Oral: Used as a calcium supplement at a dose of 300 mg/kg given in divided doses over a 24 hour period. Prepare for the unexpected by getting a quote from top pet insurance providers. Calcium chloride contains three . If hypercalcemia results from overdosage, it can be rapidly corrected by discontinuing calcitriol. Do not exceed 1 g/day Calcium carbonate is a good choice because of its high percentage of elemental calcium, general availability in drugstores in the form of antacids, low cost, and lack of gastric irritation. Once the cardiotoxicity has been controlled, transient lowering of serum potassium can be achieved by promoting its translocation from the extracellular to the intracellular fluid compartment with sodium bicarbonate or insulin and glucose administration. Treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia in adults. Predisposing causes include prolonged delivery, dystocia, and retained fetuses or placentas. All rights reserved. Calcium Lactate: Benefits, Side Effects, and Dosage - Verywell Health If your product contains calcium citrate, then it may be taken with or without food. Preventive steps to consider in the bitch include feeding a high-quality, nutritionally balanced, and appropriate diet during pregnancy and lactation; providing food and water ad lib during lactation; and supplementing feeding of the puppies with milk replacer early in lactation and with solid food after 34 weeks of age. While this disorder is uncommon, some breeds are predisposed. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA(known as MSD outside of the US and Canada) is dedicated to using leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. Use intravenously in . Calcium and calcium supplements: Achieving the right balance Emergency doses for dogs and cats | BSAVA Library Calcium gluconate may be only part of a complete program of treatment that also includes dietary changes. 2.2 Recommended Dosage . Elsevier; 2021:6378. Independence America Holdings Corp. All Rights Reserved. It was noted that, in patients with preascitic cirrhosis patients, a dose of 2 g calcium gluconate (~ 20 mL of FK USA's calcium gluconate injection, USP 10%) infusion over Effects of calcium gluconate on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung Calcium can be toxic at excess levels, however. 2. A serum biochemical analysis is useful to exclude concurrent hypoglycemia and other electrolyte imbalances. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs usually in older dogs, and the Keeshond is over-represented, so there may be a genetic basis for the disease in this breed. Cows also have increased volatile fatty acids (which are inhibitory at neuromuscular synapses), and the threshold potential at neuromuscular junctions is higher in cows than in dogs. Such tumors include multiple myeloma and osteosarcoma. Take calcium gluconate oral with plenty of water. Blood tests such as serum chemistry may reveal elevations in the blood of BUN (blood urea nitrogen), calcium, and phosphorous. IV administration of 10% calcium gluconate to control neurologic signs is usually required for treatment. Take this medication by mouth with food. All should be fine as long as your dog is healthy and not suffering from underlying issues such as kidney disease. o [ canine influenza] Oral Cal Plus Gel | Oral Calcium for Dogs and Cats - Breeder's Edge Watch for the development of any signs but we should not see any. After the acute crisis, elemental calcium at 2550 mg/kg per day orally in three or four divided doses is given for the remainder of lactation. Magnesium is a calcium-channel antagonist and plays a key role in modulating any activity governed by intracellular calcium fluxes. Potassium balance is typically preserved in patients with chronic kidney disease, but hyperkalemia can develop in response to acute decompensation of stable I.R.I.S. IV: 100 to 200 mg/kg/dose over 5 to 10 minutes; may repeat after 6 hours or follow with an infusion with a maximum dose of 500 mg/kg/day Since she is so small and I do not know the amount of Calcium in the gummy, it would be best to contact your veterinarian or a Pet Poison Hotline, and give them her weight and the amount of Calcium in the chew. Hypocalcemia secondary to citrated blood infusion: In dogs, the dosage is usually 14 g/day, in divided doses. Your dose needs may be different during pregnancy or while you are nursing. 6 Treatment should be slowed or stopped if further bradycardia or other arrhythmias develop. Mild to moderate elevations Mild to moderate elevations exist when the serum potassium concentration is between 5.5mmol/L and 6.5mmol/L. Hyperkalemia has become recognized in animals undergoing extended hemodialysis. Carbon . . Hyperkalemia is the most common electrolyte imbalance encountered in animals with acute uremia and can cause severe cardiovascular instability and death. Fluid therapy via intravenous could be needed; this may also include medications to promote a bowel movement, increase urine production, ease nausea, and stabilize blood calcium levels. The dosage of elemental calcium for hypocalcemia is 515 mg/kg per hour. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity. CALCIUM GLUCONATE- calcium gluconate injection, solution - DailyMed Giant breeds will need 2000 mg. Calcium should only be offered after labor has begun. There are several causes of hypocalcemia worth noting: Normally, the parathyroid gland responds rapidly to hypocalcemia by secreting PTH. Idiopathic hypercalcemia has been described in cats, with Persians being over-represented. Treatment depends on the severity of neurologic signs but usually requires IV administration of calcium gluconate. Dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate . A presumptive diagnosis is based on signalment and clinical signs; confirmation requires measurement of serum calcium concentration. Calcium is a mineral that is found naturally in foods. Thank you for your question. PDF Reference ID: 4112411 - Food and Drug Administration Care must be taken to not overdose a pet in this way as well. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. Hyperkalemia is a known complication of ACEi usage in human patients with kidney disease; a similar effect in animal patients may restrict or preclude their use. This dose may be repeated as necessary in cases of extreme hyperkalemia cardiotoxicity when P waves are absent, the QRS complexes are widened, and when continuous ECG monitoring is available. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrp) is secreted by a wide variety of neoplastic cells (notably lymphoma in the dog), and has similar actions to those of PTH on bone but not on the kidney. Also see pet health content regarding disorders of calcium metabolism in dogs Disorders of Calcium Metabolism in Dogs Calcium is an essential component of the skeleton, and it has important functions in muscle contraction, blood clotting, enzyme activity, the nervous system, and hormone release, among others read more and cats Disorders of Calcium Metabolism in Cats Calcium is an essential component of the skeleton, and it has important functions in muscle contraction, blood clotting, enzyme activity, the nervous system, and hormone release, among others read more . Efforts are ongoing to define the molecular biology of idiopathic hypercalcemia in cats. This calcium preparation must be given slowly and the veterinarian should monitor for cardiac arrhythmia. Use calcium gluconate exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. This is a much briefer period than that observed with the use of dihydrotachysterol (13 weeks) or ergocalciferol (vitamin D2; 118 weeks). Hyperthermia may occur in severe cases. Managing calcium disorders (Proceedings) - DVM 360 Deficiency of PTH results in an inability to adequately read more . . Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error, http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/formulary/backmatter/canine-and-felineemergencydosesfordogsandcats, Asystole or pulseless electrical activity, Raised intracranial pressure (impending herniation), BSAVA Small Animal Formulary Part A: Canine and Feline. 1 to 6 months: 400 mg/day Vitamin D deficiency leads to poor intestinal calcium absorption and further lack of PTH inhibition, helping to add to the syndrome of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, in many cases IV treatment with calcium is started before serum calcium concentration is known. Bolus dosing is 0.6 mL/kg (60 mg/kg) of 10% calcium gluconate solution,repeated as needed every 10-20 minutes for 3 to 4 times and followed by a continuous infusion of 0.6 to 1.5 mL/kg/hr (60 to 150 mg/kg/hr). Type 3) - Calcium Gluconate, which is administered IV or SubQ. Tetany: Infants and Children: 100 to 200 mg/kg/dose; over 5 to 10 minutes; may repeat after 6 hours or follow with an infusion with a maximum dose of 500 mg/kg/day. Hypocalcemia secondary to citrated blood infusion: 9 to 18 years: 1300 mg/day Oral: (Dose expressed in mg of elemental calcium): o [pig guinea] Blood markers, electrolyte levels, and kidney and liver function will be monitored because all must be normal before your pet can be released from the hospital. Congenital and Inherited Cerebral Disorders in Animals, Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Encephalomyelitis in Animals, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.02.010. It must be noted that every animal is different, and the return of normal parathyroid gland function is impossible to predict. Learn about the foods that contain calcium. ii) Dextrose-insulin infusion Intravenous administration is recommended for treatment of acute conditions. This occurs in roughly 10 percent of cats undergoing thyroidectomy, but it is largely dependent upon the skill of the surgeon performing the procedure. Calcium with lactate, citrate, ascorbate, carbonate, gluconate, or phosphate may be available. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. 2010) Rabbits: 1mg/kg PO SID (di Somma et al. Calcium gluconate: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action - DrugBank Vet Clin North Am: Sm Anim Pract. IV: Manganese For Dogs: Is Your Dog Getting Enough? However, to avoid acute problems of hypocalcemic tetany, oral calcium supplementation should continue throughout lactation. The effects of calcium infusion on the myocardium are rapid in onset but short in duration (approximately 30 to 60 minutes), and calcium administration has no direct effect to lower the serum potassium concentration. Infants and Children: 60 to 100 mg/kg/dose (maximum: 3 g/dose); may repeat in 10 minutes if necessary; if effective, consider IV infusion. (CPR) a single dose of 10ml (10% w/v) should be considered, according to the algorithm recommended by the European Resuscitation Council & the Resuscitation Council (UK). Treatment of hypercalcemia associated with Addison's disease is not necessary. Ten children scheduled for burn Capsicum, fluid extract of . Label dosage: .3mg/kg SQ once for 3-4day effect (Barnard 2009) Extralabel dosage: .2mg/kg PO once, then .1mg/kg PO q24h in food for 3-4days Bats: .1mg/kg PO q24h (Bechert et al. This imbalance in calcium metabolism occurs because calcium mobilization from bone into the serum pool is insufficient to compensate for the efflux of calcium via the mammary glands during lactation. 2023 Wag Labs, Inc. All rights reserved. They may interfere with intestinal calcium transport and increase urinary loss of calcium. animals are especially susceptible to blood calcium ideal diet for a dog should have calcium: phosphorus depletion because of milk production. Calcium gluconate comes in an assortment of preparations, though the injectable form is most often employed in veterinary medicine. Dehydrocholic acid . Contains magnesium which helps with calcium absorption. Roughly 40% of hypercalcemic dogs with lymphoma has mediastinal masses, but hypercalcemia is common in other types of lymphoma as well. 1 to 3 years: 500 mg/day Calcium Supplements Poisoning in Dogs - WagWalking Calcium chloride versus calcium gluconate: comparison of - PubMed Calcium Gluconate: Generic, Uses, Side Effects, Dosages - RxList 500 to 2000 mg orally 2 to 4 times a day. Calcium gluconate is an ingredient found in a variety of supplements and vitamins, and is used to lower potassium in the blood or treat magnesium poisoning.. Generic Name Calcium gluconate DrugBank Accession Number DB11126 Background. During administration of calcium, heart rate should be carefully monitored by auscultation or ECG for bradycardia or arrhythmias. She is not showing any symptoms but VERY WORRIED since she is about 6 pounds and ate just one Vitafusion Calcium gummy and one Vitafusion B-12 gummy. Membrane potentials and action potentials. Common calcium gluconate side effects may include: This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. If the poisoning resulted in kidney damage, the prognosis will depend on the extent of the damage and your dogs response to the treatment. Sodium bicarbonate is contraindicated in animals with metabolic alkalosis and potentially is risky in overhydrated animals. Fennel acid . Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. a light-headed feeling, like you might pass out; high levels of calcium in your blood--nausea, vomiting, constipation, increased thirst or urination, muscle weakness, bone pain, confusion, lack of energy, or feeling tired. Warm solution to body temperature prior to use, and inject slowly. While it does occur, primary hyperparathyroidism is rare in cats. Use intravenously in horses. Tell your doctor about all your current medicines. Bicarbonate administration increases extracellular pH which translocates potassium into cells in exchange for hydrogen ions. Dexamethasone (Azium). Thus, hemodialysis is an effective treatment for both the acute and prolonged management of hyperkalemia. Larry Cowgill, DVM, PhD, DACVIM The paresis observed in cattle, rather than the tetany evident in dogs, is probably results from a combination of factors. intravenous/Dog : puerperal tetany). Rapid administration and high concentrations may cause heart blockage (Allen et al., 1993). . Calcium Gluconate is the calcium salt of gluconic acid, an oxidation product of glucose, and contains 9.3% calcium, which is about one-third of the calcium in strength of calcium chloride USP. The resin exchanges sodium for potassium secreted into the intestinal lumen to promote increased intestinal potassium clearance. It does not require renal activation, has a quicker onset of activity, and the short half-life makes it much easier to manage iatrogenic vitamin D toxicity. Recurrence of hyperparathyroidism is extremely uncommon following surgery, and surgery is, therefore, almost always curative. Correction:This paper has been updated to correct the calcitriol dose units, which should have been mcg/kg/day (ng/kg/day), not mg/kg/day. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.02.010. Longterm maintenance treatment with oral vitamin D and oral calcium supplementation usually requires a minimum of 2496 hours before an effect is achieved. IV, IO: (Dosage expressed in mg of calcium gluconate): No specific research to support recommendations for use of this drug is available for dogs and cats, although our success with calcium carbonate has been excellent. If tetany recurs during the same lactation, the litter should be removed from the bitch or queen and either hand-raised (<4 weeks old) or weaned (>4 weeks old). The first elelctrolyte abnormality in renal failure is usually hyperphosphatemia due to decreased renal blood flow, and calcium concentrations can drop by mass action. Fever usually resolves rapidly with control of tetany, and specific treatment for fever may result in hypothermia. Sodium bicarbonate administration may lower serum calcium concentration and induce a hypocalcemic crisis in animals with preexisting hypocalcemia. CBC and urinalysis findings are usually normal. Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. The end result, however, is that calcium is usually normal in dogs and cats with renal failure, and it does not require treatment. Use cautiously in patients receiving digitalis glycosides, or with cardiac or renal disease. Infants and Children: 200 to 500 mg/kg/day as a continuous infusion or in 4 divided doses With hypocalcemia, sodium channels become activated (opened) by very little increase in membrane potential from their normal, negative level. Hypocalcemic animals should, therefore, receive parenteral calcium support during the initial posttetany period. For example, a 50-pound (23 kg) dog would need 2.5 grams of calcium phosphate per day. Calcium gluconate does not affect potassium levels but instead antagonizes potassium's effect on cardiomyocytes. Available for Android and iOS devices. Cats, do not exceed 1mL per dose. 100 mg/minute in pediatric patients. This results in activation of vitamin D, increased renal resorption of calcium, and mobilization of calcium from bone, thereby normalizing ionized calcium in the extracellular fluid. Infants and Children 25 kg and less: 1 to 2 mEq/kg/day For dogs with dystocia, 1 mL of 10% solution per 10 pounds (4.5 kg) body weight may be given subcutaneously.